Author's response to reviews Title: Induction of beta Defensin 2 by NTHi requires TLR2 Mediated MyD88 and IRAK-TRAF6-p38MAPK Signaling Pathway in Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells Authors:
نویسندگان
چکیده
Haa-Yung Lee ([email protected]) Tamotsu Takeshita ([email protected]) Jun Shimada ([email protected]) Arsen Akopyan ([email protected]) Jeong-Im Woo ([email protected]) Huiqi Pan ([email protected]) Sung K Moon ([email protected]) Ali Andalibi ([email protected]) Rae-Kil Park ([email protected]) Sung-Ho Kang ([email protected]) Shin-Seok Kang ([email protected]) Jian-Dong Li ([email protected]) Robert Gellibolian ([email protected]) David J Lim ([email protected])
منابع مشابه
Induction of beta defensin 2 by NTHi requires TLR2 mediated MyD88 and IRAK-TRAF6-p38MAPK signaling pathway in human middle ear epithelial cells
BACKGROUND All mucosal epithelia, including those of the tubotympanium, are secreting a variety of antimicrobial innate immune molecules (AIIMs). In our previous study, we showed the bactericidal/bacteriostatic functions of AIIMs against various otitis media pathogens. Among the AIIMs, human beta-defensin 2 is the most potent molecule and is inducible by exposure to inflammatory stimuli such as...
متن کاملSynergistic effect of interleukin 1 alpha on nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced up-regulation of human beta-defensin 2 in middle ear epithelial cells
BACKGROUND We recently showed that beta-defensins have antimicrobial activity against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and that interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) up-regulates the transcription of beta-defensin 2 (DEFB4 according to new nomenclature of the Human Genome Organization) in human middle ear epithelial cells via a Src-dependent Raf-MEK1/2-ERK signaling pathway. Based on these ...
متن کاملNOD2/RICK-Dependent β-Defensin 2 Regulation Is Protective for Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-Induced Middle Ear Infection
Middle ear infection, otitis media (OM), is clinically important due to the high incidence in children and its impact on the development of language and motor coordination. Previously, we have demonstrated that the human middle ear epithelial cells up-regulate β-defensin 2, a model innate immune molecule, in response to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), the most common OM pathogen, via...
متن کاملRhinovirus Attenuates Non-typeable Hemophilus influenzae-stimulated IL-8 Responses via TLR2-dependent Degradation of IRAK-1
Bacterial infections following rhinovirus (RV), a common cold virus, are well documented, but pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. We developed animal and cell culture models to examine the effects of RV on subsequent infection with non-typeable Hemophilus influenzae (NTHi). We focused on NTHI-induced neutrophil chemoattractants expression that is essential for bacterial clearance. Mice...
متن کاملRequirement of TLR2-mediated signaling for the induction of IL-15 gene expression in human monocytic cells by HSV-1.
Exposure of human monocytic cells to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) results in immediate up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-15 gene expression. However, the receptor involved in this induction is not known. Here, we provide evidence that this induction depends on TLR2-mediated signaling pathway. Through the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), we demonstrate that HSV-1-induced up-regulat...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2008